diff --git a/src/entities/common.rs b/src/entities/common.rs
index 4c8c98f6c..1f837daca 100644
--- a/src/entities/common.rs
+++ b/src/entities/common.rs
@@ -702,6 +702,30 @@ pub fn parse_angle_deg(value: &str) -> Option<f64> {
 /// there is one obvious place to see that the maths moved out.
 pub use cadkernel::geom2d::BulgeArc;
 
+/// Convert a 2D BulgeArc into a 3D TangentGeom::Arc with its world center,
+/// plane axes, radius, and counter-clockwise start/end sweep angles.
+pub fn bulge_arc_to_tangent(
+    arc: &BulgeArc,
+    to_wcs: &dyn Fn(f64, f64) -> (f64, f64, f64),
+    normal: (f64, f64, f64),
+) -> crate::scene::model::wire_model::TangentGeom {
+    let (cwx, cwy, cwz) = to_wcs(arc.center[0], arc.center[1]);
+    let (ax, ay) = crate::scene::view::transform::ocs_axes(normal);
+    let (sa, ea) = if arc.sweep >= 0.0 {
+        (arc.start_angle, arc.end_angle)
+    } else {
+        (arc.end_angle, arc.start_angle)
+    };
+    crate::scene::model::wire_model::TangentGeom::Arc {
+        center: [cwx, cwy, cwz],
+        axis_x: [ax.0, ax.1, ax.2],
+        axis_y: [ay.0, ay.1, ay.2],
+        radius: arc.radius,
+        start_angle: sa,
+        end_angle: ea,
+    }
+}
+
 /// Triangulate the solid bands a `wide_fills` returns into the flat WCS f64
 /// triangle list `RenderEntity::pick_tris` carries, so a wide polyline is
 /// selectable across the band it draws and not just along its centreline.
diff --git a/src/entities/lwpolyline.rs b/src/entities/lwpolyline.rs
index 77a185326..8b125fe39 100644
--- a/src/entities/lwpolyline.rs
+++ b/src/entities/lwpolyline.rs
@@ -351,11 +351,7 @@ fn to_render(pline: &LwPolyline, fill_mode: bool) -> RenderEntity {
             } else if let Some(arc) =
                 crate::entities::common::BulgeArc::from_bulge([ox0, oy0], [ox1, oy1], bulge)
             {
-                let (wcx, wcy, wcz) = to_wcs(arc.center[0], arc.center[1]);
-                tgs.push(TangentGeom::Circle {
-                    center: [wcx as f32, wcy as f32, wcz as f32],
-                    radius: arc.radius as f32,
-                });
+                tgs.push(crate::entities::common::bulge_arc_to_tangent(&arc, &to_wcs, normal));
                 for s in arc
                     .tessellate_angle(cadkernel::tessellation::DEFAULT_ANGLE)
                     .into_iter()
@@ -407,11 +403,7 @@ fn to_render(pline: &LwPolyline, fill_mode: bool) -> RenderEntity {
                 [v1.location.x, v1.location.y],
                 v0.bulge,
             ) {
-                let (wcx, wcy, wcz) = to_wcs(arc.center[0], arc.center[1]);
-                tgs.push(TangentGeom::Circle {
-                    center: [wcx as f32, wcy as f32, wcz as f32],
-                    radius: arc.radius as f32,
-                });
+                tgs.push(crate::entities::common::bulge_arc_to_tangent(&arc, &to_wcs, normal));
             }
         }
         let (pts, widths) = crate::entities::common::tapered_band_points(
@@ -470,11 +462,7 @@ fn to_render(pline: &LwPolyline, fill_mode: bool) -> RenderEntity {
                 }
                 let (wx1, wy1, wz1) = to_wcs(ox1, oy1);
                 kv.push([wx1, wy1, wz1]);
-                let (wcx, wcy, wcz) = to_wcs(arc.center[0], arc.center[1]);
-                tgs.push(TangentGeom::Circle {
-                    center: [wcx as f32, wcy as f32, wcz as f32],
-                    radius: arc.radius as f32,
-                });
+                tgs.push(crate::entities::common::bulge_arc_to_tangent(&arc, &to_wcs, normal));
             }
             if i + 1 < seg_count {
                 pts.push([f64::NAN; 3]);
@@ -565,11 +553,8 @@ fn centerline_metadata(
             [end.location.x, end.location.y],
             start.bulge,
         ) {
-            let center = to_wcs(arc.center[0], arc.center[1]);
-            tangents.push(TangentGeom::Circle {
-                center: [center.0 as f32, center.1 as f32, center.2 as f32],
-                radius: arc.radius as f32,
-            });
+            let normal = (pline.normal.x, pline.normal.y, pline.normal.z);
+            tangents.push(crate::entities::common::bulge_arc_to_tangent(&arc, to_wcs, normal));
         }
         if index == 0 {
             key_vertices.push([p0.0, p0.1, p0.2]);
diff --git a/src/entities/polyline.rs b/src/entities/polyline.rs
index d9cd71404..de67a35dd 100644
--- a/src/entities/polyline.rs
+++ b/src/entities/polyline.rs
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ fn tessellate_polyline2d(pl: &Polyline2D, fill_mode: bool) -> RenderEntity {
                 );
             }
             let (tangent_geoms, key_vertices) =
-                centerline_metadata_2d(verts, pl.is_closed(), &to_wcs);
+                centerline_metadata_2d(verts, pl.is_closed(), &to_wcs, normal);
             return RenderEntity {
                 pick_tris: Vec::new(),
                 object: RenderObject::BoundaryLines {
@@ -296,11 +296,7 @@ fn tessellate_polyline2d(pl: &Polyline2D, fill_mode: bool) -> RenderEntity {
             } else if let Some(arc) =
                 crate::entities::common::BulgeArc::from_bulge([ox0, oy0], [ox1, oy1], bulge)
             {
-                let (wcx, wcy, wcz) = to_wcs(arc.center[0], arc.center[1]);
-                tgs.push(TangentGeom::Circle {
-                    center: [wcx as f32, wcy as f32, wcz as f32],
-                    radius: arc.radius as f32,
-                });
+                tgs.push(crate::entities::common::bulge_arc_to_tangent(&arc, &to_wcs, normal));
                 for s in arc
                     .tessellate_angle(cadkernel::tessellation::DEFAULT_ANGLE)
                     .into_iter()
@@ -378,11 +374,7 @@ fn tessellate_polyline2d(pl: &Polyline2D, fill_mode: bool) -> RenderEntity {
             [v1.location.x, v1.location.y],
             bulge,
         ) {
-            let (wcx, wcy, wcz) = to_wcs(arc.center[0], arc.center[1]);
-            tangents.push(TangentGeom::Circle {
-                center: [wcx as f32, wcy as f32, wcz as f32],
-                radius: arc.radius as f32,
-            });
+            tangents.push(crate::entities::common::bulge_arc_to_tangent(&arc, &to_wcs, normal));
         }
 
         if i == 0 {
@@ -464,6 +456,7 @@ fn centerline_metadata_2d(
     verts: &[acadrust::entities::Vertex2D],
     closed: bool,
     to_wcs: &dyn Fn(f64, f64) -> (f64, f64, f64),
+    normal: (f64, f64, f64),
 ) -> (Vec<TangentGeom>, Vec<[f64; 3]>) {
     let count = verts.len();
     let segment_count = if closed {
@@ -488,11 +481,7 @@ fn centerline_metadata_2d(
             [end.location.x, end.location.y],
             start.bulge,
         ) {
-            let center = to_wcs(arc.center[0], arc.center[1]);
-            tangents.push(TangentGeom::Circle {
-                center: [center.0 as f32, center.1 as f32, center.2 as f32],
-                radius: arc.radius as f32,
-            });
+            tangents.push(crate::entities::common::bulge_arc_to_tangent(&arc, to_wcs, normal));
         }
         if index == 0 {
             key_vertices.push([p0.0, p0.1, p0.2]);
diff --git a/src/scene/mod.rs b/src/scene/mod.rs
index 2d06cabcb..2d90e9655 100644
--- a/src/scene/mod.rs
+++ b/src/scene/mod.rs
@@ -11325,4 +11325,37 @@ mod layout_cache_tests {
             partitioned.circle_instances.len()
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn single_bulge_polyline_extracts_as_analytical_gpu_arc() {
+        let mut s = Scene::new();
+        let mut pline = acadrust::entities::LwPolyline::new();
+        pline.vertices = vec![
+            acadrust::entities::LwVertex {
+                location: acadrust::types::Vector2::new(0.0, 0.0),
+                bulge: 1.0, // semicircle
+                start_width: 0.0,
+                end_width: 0.0,
+                vertex_id: 0,
+            },
+            acadrust::entities::LwVertex {
+                location: acadrust::types::Vector2::new(100.0, 0.0),
+                bulge: 0.0,
+                start_width: 0.0,
+                end_width: 0.0,
+                vertex_id: 0,
+            },
+        ];
+        let _ = s.add_entity(EntityType::LwPolyline(pline));
+
+        let wires = s.model_tile_wires_arc(0, &Camera::default(), 1.0, 1000.0);
+        let depths = rustc_hash::FxHashMap::default();
+        let partitioned = crate::scene::pipeline::wire_arena::partition_wires(&wires, &depths);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            partitioned.circle_instances.len(),
+            1,
+            "Single bulge arc polyline must be extracted as analytical GPU arc instance"
+        );
+    }
 }