tests: add NAFEMS LE2 and LE3 shell oracle cases

LE2, the cylindrical shell bending patch test, in its two load cases
(edge moment; pressure with the balancing edge traction) on an 8 × 8
MITC4 patch: tangential stress at E 59.936 and 59.904 against 60.

LE3, the hemispherical shell with point loads, on a 32 × 32
longitude-latitude mesh (planar quad4 cells, tri3 at the pole): radial
displacement at A 0.18418 against 0.185.

Both meshes are written node by node from the generator each README
lists, with the refinement that supports its tolerance. Targets are
transcribed from the reproductions of TNSB Rev. 3 in the Abaqus 2016
Benchmarks Guide and the ESRD StressCheck NAFEMS guide.

Part of #97.

tests/oracle/nafems-le3/README.md

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+# NAFEMS LE3 hemispherical shell with point loads (MITC4 shells)
+
+Our model of the published problem: a quarter of a closed hemisphere of mid-surface radius 10 m
+and thickness 0.04 m, E = 68.25 GPa, ν = 0.3 (m, kN, kPa: E = 6.825 × 10⁷), centred at the origin
+with its pole E on +z. A radial force of 2 kN pulls outward at A (10, 0, 0) on the equator and one
+of 2 kN pushes inward at C (0, 10, 0). The edge AE lies on the plane y = 0 and CE on x = 0, both
+planes of symmetry; u_z = 0 at E holds the shell vertically; the equator is free. The target is
+the radial displacement at A, u_x there.
+
+(LE3 has no hole at the pole, unlike the MacNeal–Harder hemisphere of
+`pinched-hemisphere`, which has an 18° hole and different loads.)
+
+## The mesh
+
+The surface is doubly curved, so the recipe writes its nodes and elements one by one with
+`mesh.node.add` and `mesh.element.add` ([docs/verification.md](../../../docs/verification.md)).
+Meridians every 90°/32 of longitude λ and parallels every 90°/32 of latitude β divide the quarter
+into cells; node 1 + i + 33 j lies at R (cos β_j cos λ_i, cos β_j sin λ_i, sin β_j), and the pole is
+node 1057. Every cell below the top parallel is a quad4 whose four corners lie on two parallels,
+symmetric about its mid-meridian, so it is planar (flat shells model a curved surface best with
+flat facets); the 32 cells at the pole are tri3 (MITC3) triangles that share the pole node. All
+elements run counter-clockwise seen from outside.
+
+A first mesh projected three faces of a cube onto the sphere (no pole, all quad4), but its cells
+are warped, and the flat MITC4 element on warped cells was far too stiff (0.147 at 32 × 32 per
+face). The longitude–latitude mesh converges as the table shows.
+
+The recipe was generated with this script (`python3 le3.py 32 > recipe.json`):
+
+```python
+import json, math, sys
+
+def le3(n):
+    """NAFEMS LE3 hemisphere quadrant (m, kN, kPa): R = 10, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, z ≥ 0, pole E on +z.
+
+    Meridians every 90°/n of longitude λ, parallels every 90°/n of latitude β; the cells are planar
+    trapezoids and the ring at the pole is triangles."""
+    R = 10.0
+    label = lambda i, j: 1 + i + (n + 1) * j  # longitude i, latitude j < n
+    pole = 1 + (n + 1) * n
+    commands = []
+    for j in range(n):
+        for i in range(n + 1):
+            lam, beta = math.pi / 2 * i / n, math.pi / 2 * j / n
+            xyz = [R * math.cos(beta) * math.cos(lam), R * math.cos(beta) * math.sin(lam), R * math.sin(beta)]
+            commands.append({"command": "mesh.node.add", "params": {"label": label(i, j), "xyz": xyz}})
+    commands.append({"command": "mesh.node.add", "params": {"label": pole, "xyz": [0.0, 0.0, R]}})
+    k = 0
+    for j in range(n):
+        for i in range(n):
+            k += 1
+            if j < n - 1:
+                kind, nodes = "quad4", [label(i, j), label(i + 1, j), label(i + 1, j + 1), label(i, j + 1)]
+            else:
+                kind, nodes = "tri3", [label(i, j), label(i + 1, j), pole]
+            commands.append({"command": "mesh.element.add", "params": {"label": k, "kind": kind, "nodes": nodes}})
+    A, C = label(0, 0), label(n, 0)
+    return commands + [
+        {"command": "model.set.create", "params": {"name": "shell", "elements": list(range(1, k + 1))}},
+        {"command": "model.set.create", "params": {"name": "AE", "nodes": [label(0, j) for j in range(n)] + [pole]}},
+        {"command": "model.set.create", "params": {"name": "CE", "nodes": [label(n, j) for j in range(n)] + [pole]}},
+        {"command": "model.set.create", "params": {"name": "A", "nodes": [A]}},
+        {"command": "model.set.create", "params": {"name": "C", "nodes": [C]}},
+        {"command": "model.set.create", "params": {"name": "E", "nodes": [pole]}},
+        {"command": "model.material.create", "params": {"name": "Alloy", "elastic": {"type": "isotropic", "young": 6.825e7, "poisson": 0.3}}},
+        {"command": "model.section.create", "params": {"name": "shell", "set": "shell", "material": "Alloy", "kind": {"type": "shell", "thickness": 0.04}}},
+        {"command": "model.boundary_condition.create", "params": {"name": "AE", "type": "symmetry", "target": {"set": "AE"}, "plane": "y"}},
+        {"command": "model.boundary_condition.create", "params": {"name": "CE", "type": "symmetry", "target": {"set": "CE"}, "plane": "x"}},
+        {"command": "model.boundary_condition.create", "params": {"name": "E", "type": "displacement", "target": {"set": "E"}, "values": [None, None, 0, None, None, None]}},
+        {"command": "model.load.create", "params": {"name": "pull_A", "type": "force", "target": {"set": "A"}, "vector": [2.0, 0, 0]}},
+        {"command": "model.load.create", "params": {"name": "push_C", "type": "force", "target": {"set": "C"}, "vector": [0, -2.0, 0]}},
+        {"command": "model.step.create", "params": {"name": "Load", "procedure": {"type": "static"}, "boundary_conditions": ["AE", "CE", "E"], "loads": ["pull_A", "push_C"]}},
+        {"command": "solve.static", "params": {}, "id": "solve"},
+    ]
+
+n = int(sys.argv[1]) if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 32
+print("[\n " + ",\n ".join(json.dumps(c) for c in le3(n)) + "\n]")
+```
+
+## Refinement
+
+Every row is the listing above with the row's divisions, solved and probed at A as the case does;
+the case mesh is 32 × 32:
+
+| cells | u_x at A (m) | error |
+|---|---|---|
+| 8 × 8 | 0.18197 | −1.64% |
+| 16 × 16 | 0.18324 | −0.95% |
+| 32 × 32 (this case) | 0.18418 | −0.44% |
+| 64 × 64 | 0.18469 | −0.17% |
+
+The result rises with every refinement and its increments shrink, but slowly: under a point load,
+a shell with transverse shear flexibility has no finite limit, only a very slow (logarithmic)
+growth (the ESRD guide makes the same remark for its own p-version solution, 0.1844). The next
+refinement moves the case value by 0.28%, a seventh of the tolerance.
+
+## Tolerance
+
+2%: the target is published to three figures and the displacement under a point load is not a
+converging quantity in the strict sense (above); 32 × 32 is within 0.44%. `fixture.json` holds the
+32 × 32 value: the mesh is written by the recipe, so it is bit-identical on every platform.
+
+## Running it
+
+```sh
+cargo xtask oracle --case nafems-le3
+cargo xtask oracle --bless nafems-le3   # only after the case passes
+```

tests/oracle/nafems-le3/expected.json

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+{
+ "title": "NAFEMS LE3 hemispherical shell with point loads (MITC4 shells)",
+ "kind": "benchmark",
+ "source": "NAFEMS, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, TNSB Rev. 3, October 1990, test LE3 (target: radial displacement 0.185 m at A); the problem and target as reproduced in the Abaqus 2016 Benchmarks Guide, section 4.2.3 'LE3: Hemispherical shell with point loads', and in the ESRD StressCheck Benchmarks Guide 'The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks: Linear Elastic Tests' (2018), p. 12",
+ "quantities": [
+  {
+   "id": "ur_A",
+   "quantity": "radial displacement at A (10, 0, 0), m",
+   "measure": {"command": "solve.probe", "params": {"step": "Load", "at": [[10, 0, 0]]}, "pointer": "/nodes/0/displacement/0"},
+   "value": 0.185,
+   "tolerance": {"relative": 0.02},
+   "reason": "the target is published to three figures; the displacement under a point load on a shear-deformable shell keeps growing slowly as the mesh is refined (32 × 32 is 0.44% low, 64 × 64 0.16%; see README)"
+  }
+ ]
+}

tests/oracle/nafems-le3/fixture.json

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+{
+  "note": "FieldCraft's accepted results for this case, written by `cargo xtask oracle --bless`. A result outside its band fails CI.",
+  "values": {
+    "ur_A": {
+      "band": 1.85e-10,
+      "value": 0.18417526380456614
+    }
+  }
+}