Validate sourced physical material property cards and elastic stability (#934)

Adds the read-only material.properties.validate command: schema_version 1 engineering material cards in SI units are checked for numerical consistency and elastic stability, with derived isotropic moduli, missing conditions and sources needing review. Nothing is assigned or saved.

Thanks @0xlillith.

crates/doc/src/physical_material_tests.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+use super::*;
+use serde_json::json;
+
+fn card(data: Value) -> Value {
+    json!({"schema_version":1,"designation":"Original synthetic fixture","family":"wood",
+        "sources":[{"id":"test","title":"Analytic synthetic data, not a material specification","kind":"illustrative","license":"MIT OR Apache-2.0"}],
+        "properties":[{"data":data,"source_id":"test"}]})
+}
+fn isotropic(e: f64, nu: f64) -> Value {
+    json!({"kind":"elasticity","model":{"symmetry":"isotropic","young_modulus_pa":e,"poisson_ratio":nu}})
+}
+fn orthotropic(e: [f64; 3], nu: [f64; 3]) -> Value {
+    json!({"kind":"elasticity","model":{"symmetry":"orthotropic","axes":"wood_lrt",
+        "young_moduli_pa":e,"shear_moduli_pa":[4e9,4e9,4e9],"poisson_ratios":nu}})
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn isotropic_moduli_match_closed_form_and_auxetic_values_are_valid() {
+    let r = validate_card(&card(isotropic(12e9, 0.25))).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r.isotropic_moduli, Some(IsotropicModuli { shear_pa: 4.8e9, bulk_pa: 8e9 }));
+    let r = validate_card(&card(isotropic(12e9, -0.5))).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r.isotropic_moduli, Some(IsotropicModuli { shear_pa: 12e9, bulk_pa: 2e9 }));
+    for nu in [-2., -1., 0.5, 0.6] {
+        assert!(validate_card(&card(isotropic(12e9, nu))).is_err());
+    }
+    for e in [0., -1., 1e16] {
+        assert!(validate_card(&card(isotropic(e, 0.25))).is_err());
+    }
+    assert!(Elasticity::Isotropic { young_modulus_pa: f64::NAN, poisson_ratio: 0.25 }.validate().is_err());
+    assert!(Elasticity::Isotropic { young_modulus_pa: 1e-309, poisson_ratio: 0.25 }.validate().is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn orthotropy_uses_reciprocity_and_full_positive_definiteness() {
+    // With equal E and nu=.25 this is the same normal compliance as isotropy.
+    assert!(validate_card(&card(orthotropic([12e9; 3], [0.25; 3]))).is_ok());
+    // A general orthotropic ratio may exceed .5: reciprocal nu21 is .08 here.
+    assert!(validate_card(&card(orthotropic([10e9, 1e9, 1e9], [0.8, 0., 0.]))).is_ok());
+    // Every 2x2 principal minor is positive; the full determinant is negative.
+    assert!(validate_card(&card(orthotropic([12e9; 3], [0.6; 3]))).is_err());
+    assert!(validate_card(&card(orthotropic([10e9, 1e9, 1e9], [4., 0., 0.]))).is_err());
+    assert!(validate_card(&card(orthotropic([0., 1e9, 1e9], [0.; 3]))).is_err());
+    let mut bad = card(orthotropic([12e9; 3], [0.25; 3]));
+    bad["properties"][0]["data"]["model"]["shear_moduli_pa"] = json!([4e9, 0., 4e9]);
+    assert!(validate_card(&bad).is_err());
+    // Scaling all moduli changes units of compliance, not its stability verdict.
+    assert!(validate_card(&card(orthotropic([12.; 3], [0.25; 3]))).is_ok());
+    assert!(validate_card(&card(orthotropic([1e-300, 1e15, 1.], [0.; 3]))).is_ok());
+    assert!(validate_card(&card(orthotropic([1e-309, 1., 1.], [0.; 3]))).is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn conditions_missing_values_and_source_claims_remain_explicit() {
+    let mut value = card(json!({"kind":"density","kg_m3":600.}));
+    let r = validate_card(&value).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r.unspecified_conditions, vec!["density"]);
+    assert_eq!(r.source_review_required, vec!["test"]); // Even an explicit license is unverified.
+    assert!(!r.analysis_solver_available && !r.rendering_properties_available);
+    assert!(r.isotropic_moduli.is_none());
+    value["properties"][0]["conditions"] = json!({"temperature_k":293.15,"moisture_dry_basis_kg_kg":1.5,"state":"synthetic wet specimen"});
+    assert!(validate_card(&value).unwrap().unspecified_conditions.is_empty());
+    value["family"] = json!("polymer");
+    value["properties"][0]["conditions"]["moisture_dry_basis_kg_kg"] = json!(150.);
+    value["properties"][0]["conditions"]["strain_rate_per_s"] = json!(1.);
+    assert!(validate_card(&value).unwrap().unspecified_conditions.is_empty());
+    value["properties"] = json!([]);
+    let r = validate_card(&value).unwrap();
+    assert!(r.property_kinds.is_empty() && r.isotropic_moduli.is_none());
+    let parsed: MaterialCard = serde_json::from_value(value.clone()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(serde_json::from_value::<MaterialCard>(serde_json::to_value(&parsed).unwrap()).unwrap(), parsed);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn thermal_properties_accept_negative_expansion_but_not_negative_conductivity() {
+    assert!(validate_card(&card(json!({"kind":"thermal_expansion","per_k":[-1e-6,0.,2e-6],"axes":"material123"}))).is_ok());
+    assert!(validate_card(&card(json!({"kind":"thermal_conductivity","w_m_k":[1.,0.,1.],"axes":"material123"}))).is_err());
+    assert!(validate_card(&card(json!({"kind":"specific_heat","j_kg_k":500.}))).is_ok());
+    for kind in ["tensile_strength", "compressive_strength", "yield_strength", "shear_strength"] {
+        assert!(validate_card(&card(json!({"kind":kind,"pa":1e8}))).is_ok());
+        assert!(validate_card(&card(json!({"kind":kind,"pa":-1.}))).is_err());
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn hostile_units_sources_fields_and_budgets_are_rejected() {
+    let valid = card(isotropic(12e9, 0.25));
+    let mut bad = valid.clone();
+    bad["properties"][0]["data"]["model"]["young_modulus_mpa"] = json!(12.);
+    assert!(validate_card(&bad).is_err());
+    let mut bad = valid.clone();
+    bad["properties"][0]["source_id"] = json!("unknown");
+    assert!(validate_card(&bad).is_err());
+    let mut bad = valid.clone();
+    bad["properties"] = json!([valid["properties"][0], valid["properties"][0]]);
+    assert!(validate_card(&bad).is_err());
+    let mut bad = valid.clone();
+    bad["sources"] = json!([valid["sources"][0], valid["sources"][0]]);
+    assert!(validate_card(&bad).is_err());
+    let mut bad = valid.clone();
+    bad["schema_version"] = json!(2);
+    assert!(validate_card(&bad).is_err());
+    let mut bad = valid.clone();
+    bad["designation"] = json!("x".repeat(257));
+    assert!(validate_card(&bad).is_err());
+    let mut bad = valid.clone();
+    bad["properties"][0]["conditions"] = json!({"moisture_dry_basis_kg_kg":-1.});
+    assert!(validate_card(&bad).is_err());
+    assert!(validate_card(&json!(vec![Value::Null; 33])).is_err());
+    assert!(validate_card(&json!("x".repeat(256 * 1024 + 1))).is_err());
+    let mut deep = Value::Null;
+    for _ in 0..14 {
+        deep = json!([deep]);
+    }
+    assert!(validate_card(&deep).is_err());
+}