Windows: start Direct3D 12 first, and Vulkan only without a D3D12 GPU (#1190)

* Windows: start Direct3D 12 first, and Vulkan only without a D3D12 GPU

wgpu started Vulkan, D3D12 and OpenGL together and preferred Vulkan, so
every Windows start loaded all installed Vulkan drivers. An old Intel
Vulkan driver (igvk64.dll) crashed 0.10.1 at startup inside the driver.

The app now probes D3D12, then Vulkan, then OpenGL, one backend at a
time, and starts only the first with a hardware adapter (WARP when none
has one). WGPU_BACKEND still wins; graphics.json's "backend" sets the
order by hand; the software renderer (safe mode, the retry) uses D3D12
alone. A new Windows CI job starts the real app under several settings.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* CI: a test filter YAML parses

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* CI: the startup smoke test writes graphics.json where the app reads it

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* CI: run the WARP shader tests one at a time

WARP's shader JIT (d3d10warp.dll) crashed twice in 124 runs of the gpu
tests with four test threads, with a null read inside its own optimizer
while several devices compiled compute pipelines at once. Serial runs
did not crash.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

apps/solidcraft/src/main.rs

@@ -276,11 +276,19 @@ fn adopt_settings(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// `graphics.json`, read before the window opens.
+fn graphics() -> Option<serde_json::Value> {
+    graphics_path().and_then(|p| std::fs::read_to_string(p).ok()).and_then(|s| serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(&s).ok())
+}
+
+/// The graphics backend preference (`graphics.json`'s `backend`: `auto`, `dx12`, `vulkan`, `gl`).
+fn backend_preference() -> Option<String> {
+    graphics().and_then(|v| v.get("backend").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str).map(str::to_string))
+}
+
 /// Anti-aliasing samples from Preferences (4 when unset).
 fn msaa() -> u16 {
-    graphics_path()
-        .and_then(|p| std::fs::read_to_string(p).ok())
-        .and_then(|s| serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(&s).ok())
+    graphics()
         .and_then(|v| v.get("msaa").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_u64))
         .and_then(|m| u16::try_from(m).ok())
         .filter(|m| [1, 2, 4, 8].contains(m))
@@ -399,7 +407,7 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
             settings.as_ref().map(|d| d.join("app.ron"))
         },
         persist_window: !safe_mode,
-        wgpu_options: wgpu_options(cpu_renderer),
+        wgpu_options: wgpu_options(cpu_renderer, if safe_mode { None } else { backend_preference() }.as_deref()),
         ..Default::default()
     };
     #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "macos")))]
@@ -504,11 +512,20 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
     }
 }
 
-/// The renderer settings: with `cpu`, the software adapter (WARP, lavapipe, llvmpipe).
-fn wgpu_options(cpu: bool) -> eframe::egui_wgpu::WgpuConfiguration {
+/// The renderer settings: with `cpu`, the software adapter (WARP, lavapipe, llvmpipe). The
+/// backends come from `startup::choose_backends` (on Windows D3D12 first, and only the backend
+/// in use is started); `preference` is `graphics.json`'s `backend`.
+fn wgpu_options(cpu: bool, preference: Option<&str>) -> eframe::egui_wgpu::WgpuConfiguration {
     let mut options = eframe::egui_wgpu::WgpuConfiguration::default();
-    if cpu && let eframe::egui_wgpu::WgpuSetup::CreateNew(setup) = &mut options.wgpu_setup {
-        setup.native_adapter_selector = Some(std::sync::Arc::new(startup::pick_cpu_adapter));
+    if let eframe::egui_wgpu::WgpuSetup::CreateNew(setup) = &mut options.wgpu_setup {
+        let env_set = std::env::var(startup::WGPU_BACKEND_ENV).is_ok_and(|v| !v.trim().is_empty());
+        if let Some(backends) = startup::choose_backends(cfg!(target_os = "windows"), env_set, cpu, preference, startup::has_hardware_adapter) {
+            eprintln!("SolidCraft graphics: starting {backends:?}");
+            setup.instance_descriptor.backends = backends;
+        }
+        if cpu {
+            setup.native_adapter_selector = Some(std::sync::Arc::new(startup::pick_cpu_adapter));
+        }
     }
     options
 }