//! Closed-profile detection.
//!
//! Non-construction lines and arcs form a planar graph (end points within a small tolerance are
//! merged). Dangling edges are pruned, then faces are traced with the "first clockwise turn"
//! rule, which yields every bounded region counter-clockwise. Circles are loops of their own.
//! A loop that lies inside another loop of a different connected component becomes a hole of
//! the innermost loop containing it, so a circle inside a rectangle gives two profiles: the
//! rectangle with a hole, and the disc.

use std::f64::consts::TAU;

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use solvecraft_geom::{Loop2, Region2, Seg2, Vec2};

use crate::model::{CurveKind, Sketch};
use crate::shape::{Shape, intersections};

const MERGE_TOL: f64 = 1e-6;
const MAX_EDGES: usize = 50_000;

/// A closed region usable by features, with the ids of the curves bounding it.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Profile {
    pub region: Region2,
    /// Curve ids of the outer loop.
    pub outer_curves: Vec<String>,
    /// Curve ids of each hole loop.
    pub hole_curves: Vec<Vec<String>>,
    pub area: f64,
    pub centroid: Vec2,
    // Computed before exact-segment restoration; never trusted from serialized input.
    #[serde(skip)]
    complete_outer: Option<Vec<String>>,
    #[serde(skip)]
    complete_holes: Option<Vec<Vec<String>>>,
}

impl Profile {
    /// Whole source boundaries, certified by complete graph-piece coverage. Intersections,
    /// missing spans and unknown sampled geometry cannot acquire this persistent identity.
    pub fn whole_curve_boundaries(&self) -> Option<(Vec<String>, Vec<Vec<String>>)> {
        Some((self.complete_outer.clone()?, self.complete_holes.clone()?))
    }

    /// All curve ids bounding the profile.
    pub fn curve_ids(&self) -> Vec<String> {
        let mut v = self.outer_curves.clone();
        for h in &self.hole_curves {
            v.extend(h.iter().cloned());
        }
        v
    }
}

struct Edge {
    seg: Seg2,
    u: usize,
    v: usize,
    id: String,
    /// A piece of an exact free-form segment: (curve, segment, piece, pieces).
    tag: Option<Piece>,
    coverage: Option<Piece>,
}

type Piece = (usize, usize, usize, usize);

/// Prove each represented source uses all its original spans exactly once and consistently
/// in one direction. Work and storage are bounded by the existing graph-edge budget.
fn complete_loop(tags: &[Option<(Piece, bool)>], expected: &std::collections::HashMap<usize, Vec<usize>>, sk: &Sketch) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
    use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
    if tags.is_empty() || tags.len() > MAX_EDGES {
        return None;
    }
    let mut seen = BTreeSet::new();
    let mut directions = BTreeMap::new();
    let mut counts = BTreeMap::<usize, Vec<(usize, usize)>>::new();
    let mut previous_curve = tags.last().copied().flatten()?.0.0;
    let mut runs = BTreeSet::new();
    for tag in tags {
        let ((ci, segment, piece, pieces), forward) = (*tag)?;
        let expected_pieces = *expected.get(&ci)?.get(segment)?;
        if pieces == 0 || pieces != expected_pieces || piece >= pieces || !seen.insert((ci, segment, piece)) {
            return None;
        }
        if directions.insert(ci, forward).is_some_and(|old| old != forward) {
            return None;
        }
        if previous_curve != ci && !runs.insert(ci) {
            return None;
        }
        previous_curve = ci;
        counts.entry(ci).or_default().push((segment, piece));
    }
    let mut ids = Vec::with_capacity(counts.len());
    for (ci, order) in counts {
        let spans = expected.get(&ci)?;
        let total = spans.iter().try_fold(0usize, |sum, n| sum.checked_add(*n))?;
        if spans.is_empty() || spans.contains(&0) || total > MAX_EDGES || total != order.len() {
            return None;
        }
        let mut offsets = Vec::with_capacity(spans.len());
        let mut offset = 0;
        for count in spans {
            offsets.push(offset);
            offset += count;
        }
        let forward = *directions.get(&ci)?;
        let indices = order.iter().map(|(segment, piece)| offsets[*segment] + piece).collect::<Vec<_>>();
        if indices.windows(2).any(|w| w[1] != if forward { (w[0] + 1) % total } else { (w[0] + total - 1) % total }) {
            return None;
        }
        ids.push(sk.curves.get(ci)?.id.clone());
    }
    ids.sort();
    if ids.windows(2).any(|w| w[0] == w[1]) {
        return None;
    }
    Some(ids)
}

/// Parameter of `p` at an end of the shape (lines: 0 or 1), for intersections at end points.
fn end_param(sh: &Shape, p: Vec2, tol: f64) -> Option<f64> {
    match *sh {
        Shape::Line { a, b } => {
            if p.dist(a) <= tol {
                Some(0.0)
            } else if p.dist(b) <= tol {
                Some(1.0)
            } else {
                None
            }
        }
        Shape::Round { c, r, start, sweep } => {
            let s0 = c + Vec2::from_angle(start) * r;
            let s1 = c + Vec2::from_angle(start + sweep) * r;
            (p.dist(s0) <= tol || p.dist(s1) <= tol).then_some(0.0)
        }
    }
}

/// Put exact free-form segments back. A loop that runs over all the pieces of one, in order,
/// gets the whole segment; one that runs over part of it (cut by a crossing) gets the exact
/// sub-segment, its ends moved to the true crossing with the neighbouring segment. Where that
/// crossing cannot be found the loop keeps the polyline pieces.
fn restore_exact(segs: Vec<Seg2>, tags: &[Option<(Piece, bool)>], exact: &std::collections::HashMap<usize, Vec<Seg2>>) -> Vec<Seg2> {
    let n = segs.len();
    if n == 0 || tags.len() != n || tags.iter().all(Option::is_none) {
        return segs;
    }
    let key = |i: usize| tags.get(i % n).copied().flatten().map(|((ci, k, _, _), fwd)| (ci, k, fwd));
    // Start where a run begins so no run wraps around.
    let r = (0..n).find(|i| key(*i) != key(*i + n - 1)).unwrap_or(0);
    let mut runs: Vec<Run> = Vec::new();
    let mut i = 0;
    while i < n {
        let k0 = key(r + i);
        let mut j = i + 1;
        while j < n && key(r + j) == k0 && k0.is_some() {
            j += 1;
        }
        let run: Vec<usize> = (i..j).map(|x| (r + x) % n).collect();
        let plain: Vec<Seg2> = run.iter().filter_map(|x| segs.get(*x).copied()).collect();
        let full = k0.and_then(|(ci, k, fwd)| exact.get(&ci).and_then(|e| e.get(k)).map(|s| if fwd { *s } else { s.reversed() }));
        let whole = match (full, tags.get(run[0]).copied().flatten()) {
            (Some(_), Some(((_, _, _, cnt), fwd))) if run.len() == cnt => {
                let order: Vec<usize> = run.iter().filter_map(|x| tags.get(*x).copied().flatten().map(|((_, _, p, _), _)| p)).collect();
                let want: Vec<usize> = if fwd { (0..cnt).collect() } else { (0..cnt).rev().collect() };
                order == want
            }
            _ => false,
        };
        runs.push(match full {
            Some(seg) if whole => Run::Exact { seg, t0: 0.0, t1: 1.0, fixed: (true, true), plain },
            Some(seg) => {
                let (a, b) = (plain.first().map(Seg2::start).unwrap_or_default(), plain.last().map(Seg2::end).unwrap_or_default());
                let (t0, t1) = (seg.closest_param(a), seg.closest_param(b));
                // Ends that are the segment's own ends need no search.
                let snap = |t: f64, p: Vec2, at: f64| (t - at).abs() < 1e-6 && seg.point_at(at).dist(p) < 1e-6;
                let fixed = (snap(t0, a, 0.0), snap(t1, b, 1.0));
                let (t0, t1) = (if fixed.0 { 0.0 } else { t0 }, if fixed.1 { 1.0 } else { t1 });
                if t1 - t0 > 1e-9 { Run::Exact { seg, t0, t1, fixed, plain } } else { Run::Plain(plain) }
            }
            None => Run::Plain(plain),
        });
        i = j;
    }
    // Junctions next to a cut exact run: find the true crossing.
    let m = runs.len();
    for a in 0..m {
        let b = (a + 1) % m;
        let need = match (runs.get(a), runs.get(b)) {
            (Some(Run::Exact { fixed, .. }), _) if !fixed.1 => true,
            (_, Some(Run::Exact { fixed, .. })) if !fixed.0 => true,
            _ => false,
        };
        if !need {
            continue;
        }
        let (Some(ra), Some(rb)) = (runs.get(a), runs.get(b)) else { continue };
        let p0 = ra.end();
        let crossing = refine_crossing(ra, rb, p0);
        match crossing {
            Some((p, ta, tb)) if p.dist(p0) < 1e-2 => {
                if let Some(x) = runs.get_mut(a) {
                    x.set_end(p, ta);
                }
                if let Some(x) = runs.get_mut(b) {
                    x.set_start(p, tb);
                }
            }
            _ => {
                for k in [a, b] {
                    if let Some(x) = runs.get_mut(k) {
                        x.give_up();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    runs.into_iter().flat_map(Run::into_segs).collect()
}

/// A stretch of a profile loop: plain segments, or (part of) an exact free-form segment.
enum Run {
    Plain(Vec<Seg2>),
    /// `seg` (in loop direction) between parameters `t0` and `t1`; `fixed` ends are exact;
    /// `plain` is the polyline fallback.
    Exact {
        seg: Seg2,
        t0: f64,
        t1: f64,
        fixed: (bool, bool),
        plain: Vec<Seg2>,
    },
}

impl Run {
    fn end(&self) -> Vec2 {
        match self {
            Run::Plain(v) => v.last().map(Seg2::end).unwrap_or_default(),
            Run::Exact { seg, t1, .. } => seg.point_at(*t1),
        }
    }
    /// The segment at the run's end and the parameter of the end on it.
    fn end_geom(&self) -> Option<(Seg2, f64)> {
        match self {
            Run::Plain(v) => v.last().map(|s| (*s, 1.0)),
            Run::Exact { seg, t1, .. } => Some((*seg, *t1)),
        }
    }
    /// The segment at the run's start and the parameter of the start on it.
    fn start_geom(&self) -> Option<(Seg2, f64)> {
        match self {
            Run::Plain(v) => v.first().map(|s| (*s, 0.0)),
            Run::Exact { seg, t0, .. } => Some((*seg, *t0)),
        }
    }
    fn set_end(&mut self, p: Vec2, t: f64) {
        match self {
            Run::Plain(v) => {
                if let Some(s) = v.last_mut() {
                    *s = with_end(*s, p);
                }
            }
            Run::Exact { t1, .. } => *t1 = t,
        }
    }
    fn set_start(&mut self, p: Vec2, t: f64) {
        match self {
            Run::Plain(v) => {
                if let Some(s) = v.first_mut() {
                    *s = with_end(s.reversed(), p).reversed();
                }
            }
            Run::Exact { t0, .. } => *t0 = t,
        }
    }
    fn give_up(&mut self) {
        if let Run::Exact { fixed: (false, _) | (_, false), plain, .. } = self {
            *self = Run::Plain(std::mem::take(plain));
        }
    }
    fn into_segs(self) -> Vec<Seg2> {
        match self {
            Run::Plain(v) => v,
            Run::Exact { seg, t0, t1, .. } => {
                if t0 <= 1e-12 && t1 >= 1.0 - 1e-12 {
                    return vec![seg];
                }
                let s = if t1 < 1.0 - 1e-12 { seg.split_at(t1).0 } else { seg };
                if t0 <= 1e-12 {
                    return vec![s];
                }
                // Conic halves are reparametrised: find t0's point again on the left part.
                let u = local_param(&s, seg.point_at(t0), if t1 > 1e-12 { t0 / t1 } else { 0.0 });
                vec![s.split_at(u.clamp(1e-9, 1.0 - 1e-9)).1]
            }
        }
    }
}

/// The segment with its end moved to `p` (lines; arcs keep their circle).
fn with_end(s: Seg2, p: Vec2) -> Seg2 {
    match s {
        Seg2::Line { a, .. } => Seg2::Line { a, b: p },
        Seg2::Arc { center, radius, start, sweep } => {
            let target = (p - center).angle();
            let end = start + sweep;
            // The same end angle, wound the same way.
            let delta = (target - end + std::f64::consts::PI).rem_euclid(TAU) - std::f64::consts::PI;
            Seg2::Arc { center, radius, start, sweep: sweep + delta }
        }
        other => other,
    }
}

/// Where the end of run `a` meets the start of run `b`, near `p`: the point and the parameters
/// on the two runs' segments (Newton on A(ta) = B(tb); lines and arcs extend past their ends).
fn refine_crossing(a: &Run, b: &Run, p: Vec2) -> Option<(Vec2, f64, f64)> {
    let (sa, mut ta) = a.end_geom()?;
    let (sb, mut tb) = b.start_geom()?;
    // Start from the parameters nearest the polyline crossing.
    ta = local_param(&sa, p, ta);
    tb = local_param(&sb, p, tb);
    for _ in 0..50 {
        let f = sa.point_at(ta) - sb.point_at(tb);
        if f.len() < 1e-11 {
            let pt = match (a, b) {
                (Run::Exact { .. }, _) | (Run::Plain(_), Run::Plain(_)) => sa.point_at(ta),
                (_, Run::Exact { .. }) => sb.point_at(tb),
            };
            return (ta.is_finite() && tb.is_finite()).then_some((pt, ta, tb));
        }
        let (da, db) = (sa.derivative(ta), -sb.derivative(tb));
        let det = da.cross(db);
        if det.abs() < 1e-14 * da.len().max(1e-300) * db.len().max(1e-300) {
            return None;
        }
        // Solve [da db] (dta, dtb)ᵀ = −f.
        ta -= f.cross(db) / det;
        tb -= da.cross(f) / det;
    }
    None
}

/// Parameter of the point of `s` nearest `p`, by Newton from `t`.
fn local_param(s: &Seg2, p: Vec2, mut t: f64) -> f64 {
    for _ in 0..30 {
        let (q, d) = (s.point_at(t), s.derivative(t));
        let dd = d.dot(d);
        if dd < 1e-300 {
            break;
        }
        let step = (p - q).dot(d) / dd;
        t += step;
        if step.abs() < 1e-15 {
            break;
        }
    }
    t
}

/// A uniform grid over a set of boxes (about one box per cell), for neighbour queries.
struct Grid {
    lo: Vec2,
    size: f64,
}

impl Grid {
    fn new(boxes: &[(Vec2, Vec2)]) -> Grid {
        let (mut lo, mut hi) = (Vec2::new(f64::INFINITY, f64::INFINITY), Vec2::new(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::NEG_INFINITY));
        for (a, b) in boxes {
            lo = Vec2::new(lo.x.min(a.x), lo.y.min(a.y));
            hi = Vec2::new(hi.x.max(b.x), hi.y.max(b.y));
        }
        if !(lo.is_finite() && hi.is_finite()) {
            return Grid { lo: Vec2::ZERO, size: 1.0 };
        }
        let ext = (hi.x - lo.x).max(hi.y - lo.y).max(1e-9);
        let per_side = (boxes.len() as f64).sqrt().ceil().clamp(1.0, 512.0);
        Grid { lo, size: ext / per_side }
    }
    fn cell(&self, p: Vec2) -> (i64, i64) {
        (((p.x - self.lo.x) / self.size).floor() as i64, ((p.y - self.lo.y) / self.size).floor() as i64)
    }
    /// Cells a box covers; None for boxes spanning too many (they are checked against all).
    fn cells(&self, b: &(Vec2, Vec2)) -> Option<Vec<(i64, i64)>> {
        let (c0, c1) = (self.cell(b.0), self.cell(b.1));
        if (c1.0 - c0.0 + 1).saturating_mul(c1.1 - c0.1 + 1) > 2048 {
            return None;
        }
        let mut out = Vec::new();
        for x in c0.0..=c1.0 {
            for y in c0.1..=c1.1 {
                out.push((x, y));
            }
        }
        Some(out)
    }
}

fn find(p: &mut [usize], mut i: usize) -> usize {
    while let Some(&q) = p.get(i) {
        if q == i {
            break;
        }
        i = q;
    }
    i
}

/// Signed curvature at the start of a segment (left turns positive).
fn curvature(s: &Seg2) -> f64 {
    match *s {
        Seg2::Line { .. } => 0.0,
        Seg2::Arc { radius, sweep, .. } => sweep.signum() / radius.max(1e-12),
        Seg2::Cubic { .. } | Seg2::Conic { .. } | Seg2::Bezier { .. } => {
            let (d1, h) = (s.derivative(0.0), 1e-5);
            let d2 = (s.derivative(h) - d1) / h;
            d1.cross(d2) / d1.len().powi(3).max(1e-300)
        }
    }
}

/// Find all closed profiles of a sketch. Curves are split where other curves end on them or
/// cross them, like a drawing would be read.
/// Profiles of the drawn geometry only (linked reference curves left out).
pub fn find_drawn_profiles(sk: &Sketch) -> Vec<Profile> {
    if sk.links.is_empty() {
        return find_profiles(sk);
    }
    let mut d = sk.clone();
    for c in &mut d.curves {
        if c.link.is_some() {
            c.construction = true;
        }
    }
    find_profiles(&d)
}

pub fn find_profiles(sk: &Sketch) -> Vec<Profile> {
    find_profiles_bounded(sk, MAX_EDGES)
}

fn find_profiles_bounded(sk: &Sketch, max_edges: usize) -> Vec<Profile> {
    let tol = MERGE_TOL * 10.0;
    // Analytic shapes of the profile curves.
    let mut shapes: Vec<(usize, Shape)> = Vec::new();
    let mut tags: Vec<Option<Piece>> = Vec::new();
    let mut exact: std::collections::HashMap<usize, Vec<Seg2>> = std::collections::HashMap::new();
    let mut whole_graph_complete = true;
    let mut expected = std::collections::HashMap::<usize, Vec<usize>>::new();
    for (ci, c) in sk.curves.iter().enumerate() {
        if c.construction || c.centerline {
            continue;
        }
        if matches!(c.kind, CurveKind::Line { .. } | CurveKind::Arc { .. } | CurveKind::Circle { .. }) {
            expected.insert(ci, vec![1]);
        }
        match c.kind {
            CurveKind::Line { a, b } => {
                if let (Some(a), Some(b)) = (sk.point(a), sk.point(b))
                    && a.dist(b) > MERGE_TOL
                {
                    shapes.push((ci, Shape::Line { a, b }));
                }
            }
            CurveKind::Circle { c, r } => {
                if let Some(c) = sk.point(c) {
                    shapes.push((ci, Shape::Round { c, r, start: 0.0, sweep: TAU }));
                }
            }
            CurveKind::Arc { .. } => {
                if let Some(Seg2::Arc { center, radius, start, sweep }) = sk.segs(ci).into_iter().next() {
                    shapes.push((ci, Shape::Round { c: center, r: radius, start, sweep }));
                }
            }
            // Free-form curves take part as polylines of their exact segments; loops that use
            // a whole segment get the exact one back.
            _ => match sk.exact_segs(ci) {
                Some(ex) => {
                    let mut spans = Vec::with_capacity(ex.len());
                    for (k, seg) in ex.iter().enumerate() {
                        let poly = seg.polyline(1e-3);
                        let n = poly.len().saturating_sub(1);
                        spans.push(n);
                        for (j, w) in poly.windows(2).enumerate() {
                            if w[0].dist(w[1]) > MERGE_TOL {
                                shapes.push((ci, Shape::Line { a: w[0], b: w[1] }));
                                tags.resize(shapes.len() - 1, None);
                                tags.push(Some((ci, k, j, n)));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    expected.insert(ci, spans);
                    exact.insert(ci, ex);
                }
                None => {
                    for s in sk.segs(ci) {
                        if let Seg2::Line { a, b } = s {
                            shapes.push((ci, Shape::Line { a, b }));
                        }
                    }
                }
            },
        }
        tags.resize(shapes.len(), None);
        if shapes.len() > max_edges {
            whole_graph_complete = false;
            break;
        }
    }
    // Split parameters per shape: end points of other curves on it, and crossings.
    let mut ends: Vec<Vec2> = Vec::new();
    for (_, sh) in &shapes {
        match *sh {
            Shape::Line { a, b } => ends.extend([a, b]),
            Shape::Round { sweep, .. } if sweep < TAU - 1e-12 => ends.extend([sh.point(0.0), sh.point(sweep)]),
            Shape::Round { .. } => {}
        }
    }
    // Bounding boxes, and a uniform grid over them: only shapes sharing a cell can meet.
    let boxes: Vec<(Vec2, Vec2)> = shapes
        .iter()
        .map(|(_, sh)| match *sh {
            Shape::Line { a, b } => (Vec2::new(a.x.min(b.x) - tol, a.y.min(b.y) - tol), Vec2::new(a.x.max(b.x) + tol, a.y.max(b.y) + tol)),
            Shape::Round { c, r, .. } => (Vec2::new(c.x - r - tol, c.y - r - tol), Vec2::new(c.x + r + tol, c.y + r + tol)),
        })
        .collect();
    let overlap = |i: usize, j: usize| match (boxes.get(i), boxes.get(j)) {
        (Some((a0, a1)), Some((b0, b1))) => a0.x <= b1.x && b0.x <= a1.x && a0.y <= b1.y && b0.y <= a1.y,
        _ => false,
    };
    let grid = Grid::new(&boxes);
    let mut cuts: Vec<Vec<f64>> = vec![Vec::new(); shapes.len()];
    // End points of other curves lying on each shape.
    let mut end_cells: std::collections::HashMap<(i64, i64), Vec<usize>> = std::collections::HashMap::new();
    for (k, p) in ends.iter().enumerate() {
        end_cells.entry(grid.cell(*p)).or_default().push(k);
    }
    let all_ends: Vec<usize> = (0..ends.len()).collect();
    for (i, (_, sh)) in shapes.iter().enumerate() {
        let Some(b) = boxes.get(i) else { continue };
        let cand: Vec<usize> = match grid.cells(b) {
            Some(cs) => cs.iter().flat_map(|c| end_cells.get(c).map(Vec::as_slice).unwrap_or(&[])).copied().collect(),
            None => all_ends.clone(),
        };
        for k in cand {
            if let Some(p) = ends.get(k)
                && let Some(t) = sh.param_on(*p, tol)
                && let Some(cu) = cuts.get_mut(i)
            {
                cu.push(t);
            }
        }
    }
    let mut shape_cells: std::collections::HashMap<(i64, i64), Vec<usize>> = std::collections::HashMap::new();
    let mut global: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
    for (i, b) in boxes.iter().enumerate() {
        match grid.cells(b) {
            Some(cs) => {
                for c in cs {
                    shape_cells.entry(c).or_default().push(i);
                }
            }
            None => global.push(i),
        }
    }
    let mut partners: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); shapes.len()];
    for v in shape_cells.values() {
        for (k, &i) in v.iter().enumerate() {
            for &j in v.iter().skip(k + 1) {
                let (lo, hi) = if i < j { (i, j) } else { (j, i) };
                if let Some(p) = partners.get_mut(lo) {
                    p.push(hi);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    for &g in &global {
        for j in 0..shapes.len() {
            if j != g {
                let (lo, hi) = if g < j { (g, j) } else { (j, g) };
                if let Some(p) = partners.get_mut(lo) {
                    p.push(hi);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    for p in &mut partners {
        p.sort_unstable();
        p.dedup();
    }
    if shapes.len() <= 50_000 {
        for i in 0..shapes.len() {
            for &j in partners.get(i).map(Vec::as_slice).unwrap_or(&[]) {
                if !overlap(i, j) {
                    continue;
                }
                let (Some((_, x)), Some((_, y))) = (shapes.get(i), shapes.get(j)) else { continue };
                let mut pts = intersections(x, y);
                // A tangent touch gives two nearly equal roots: one point.
                if let [p, q] = pts[..]
                    && p.dist(q) < tol * 100.0
                {
                    pts = vec![(p + q) * 0.5];
                }
                for p in pts {
                    let on_x = x.param_on(p, tol).or_else(|| end_param(x, p, tol));
                    let on_y = y.param_on(p, tol).or_else(|| end_param(y, p, tol));
                    // Crossings at (or next to) curve ends are already cuts.
                    let near_end = || {
                        let (cx, cy) = grid.cell(p);
                        (-1..=1).any(|dx| {
                            (-1..=1).any(|dy| {
                                end_cells
                                    .get(&(cx + dx, cy + dy))
                                    .is_some_and(|v| v.iter().any(|k| ends.get(*k).is_some_and(|e| e.dist(p) < tol * 100.0)))
                            })
                        })
                    };
                    if on_x.is_none() || on_y.is_none() || near_end() {
                        continue;
                    }
                    if let (Some(tx), Some(ty)) = (on_x, on_y) {
                        if x.param_on(p, tol).is_some()
                            && let Some(c) = cuts.get_mut(i)
                        {
                            c.push(tx);
                        }
                        if y.param_on(p, tol).is_some()
                            && let Some(c) = cuts.get_mut(j)
                        {
                            c.push(ty);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // Pieces → edges between merged nodes.
    let mut nodes: Vec<Vec2> = Vec::new();
    // Grid buckets of `tol`-sized cells: merging looks only at neighbouring cells.
    let mut grid: std::collections::HashMap<(i64, i64), Vec<usize>> = std::collections::HashMap::new();
    let cell = |p: Vec2| ((p.x / tol).floor() as i64, (p.y / tol).floor() as i64);
    let mut node = |p: Vec2| -> usize {
        let (cx, cy) = cell(p);
        for dx in -1..=1 {
            for dy in -1..=1 {
                if let Some(v) = grid.get(&(cx + dx, cy + dy))
                    && let Some(i) = v.iter().copied().find(|i| nodes.get(*i).is_some_and(|q| q.dist(p) <= tol))
                {
                    return i;
                }
            }
        }
        nodes.push(p);
        let i = nodes.len() - 1;
        grid.entry((cx, cy)).or_default().push(i);
        i
    };
    let mut loops: Vec<(Loop2, Vec<String>, usize, Option<Vec<String>>)> = Vec::new(); // (ccw loop, curve ids, component)
    let mut edges: Vec<Edge> = Vec::new();
    for (k, (ci, sh)) in shapes.iter().enumerate() {
        let mut ts = cuts.get(k).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
        ts.sort_by(f64::total_cmp);
        // Cuts closer than a few tolerances are one cut (tangent touches give near-double roots).
        let scale = match *sh {
            Shape::Line { a, b } => a.dist(b),
            Shape::Round { r, .. } => r,
        };
        let close = (tol * 100.0 / scale.max(1e-12)).max(1e-9);
        ts.dedup_by(|a, b| (*a - *b).abs() < close);
        if let (Shape::Round { sweep, .. }, Some(&first), Some(&last)) = (*sh, ts.first(), ts.last())
            && sweep >= TAU - 1e-12
            && ts.len() > 1
            && (first + TAU - last).abs() < close
        {
            ts.pop();
        }
        let id = sk.curves.get(*ci).map(|c| c.id.clone()).unwrap_or_default();
        let coverage = tags.get(k).copied().flatten().or_else(|| {
            sk.curves
                .get(*ci)
                .filter(|c| matches!(c.kind, CurveKind::Line { .. } | CurveKind::Arc { .. } | CurveKind::Circle { .. }))
                .map(|_| (*ci, 0, 0, 1))
        });
        let coverage = if ts.is_empty() { coverage } else { None };
        match *sh {
            Shape::Line { a, b } => {
                let mut ps = vec![a];
                ps.extend(ts.iter().map(|t| sh.point(*t)));
                ps.push(b);
                // Pieces split by other curves no longer stand for their whole piece.
                let tag = if ts.is_empty() { tags.get(k).copied().flatten() } else { None };
                for w in ps.windows(2) {
                    let (p, q) = (w[0], w[1]);
                    if p.dist(q) > MERGE_TOL {
                        let (u, v) = (node(p), node(q));
                        edges.push(Edge { seg: Seg2::Line { a: p, b: q }, u, v, id: id.clone(), tag, coverage });
                    }
                }
            }
            Shape::Round { c, r, start, sweep } => {
                let full = sweep >= TAU - 1e-12;
                if full && ts.is_empty() {
                    loops.push((Loop2::circle(c, r), vec![id.clone()], usize::MAX - *ci, whole_graph_complete.then(|| vec![id.clone()])));
                    continue;
                }
                let mut bounds: Vec<f64> =
                    if full { ts.clone() } else { std::iter::once(0.0).chain(ts.iter().copied()).chain(std::iter::once(sweep)).collect() };
                if full {
                    let first = bounds.first().copied().unwrap_or(0.0);
                    bounds.push(first + TAU);
                }
                for w in bounds.windows(2) {
                    let (t0, t1) = (w[0], w[1]);
                    if (t1 - t0) * r <= MERGE_TOL {
                        continue;
                    }
                    let seg = Seg2::Arc { center: c, radius: r, start: start + t0, sweep: t1 - t0 };
                    let (u, v) = (node(seg.start()), node(seg.end()));
                    edges.push(Edge { seg, u, v, id: id.clone(), tag: None, coverage });
                }
            }
        }
    }
    let n = nodes.len();
    // Prune dangling edges.
    let mut alive = vec![true; edges.len()];
    loop {
        let mut deg = vec![0usize; n];
        for (e, a) in edges.iter().zip(&alive) {
            if *a {
                if let Some(d) = deg.get_mut(e.u) {
                    *d += 1;
                }
                if let Some(d) = deg.get_mut(e.v) {
                    *d += 1;
                }
            }
        }
        let mut changed = false;
        for (e, a) in edges.iter().zip(alive.iter_mut()) {
            if *a && (deg.get(e.u).copied().unwrap_or(0) < 2 || deg.get(e.v).copied().unwrap_or(0) < 2) {
                *a = false;
                changed = true;
            }
        }
        if !changed {
            break;
        }
    }

    // Components over nodes for nesting.
    let mut comp: Vec<usize> = (0..n).collect();
    for (e, a) in edges.iter().zip(&alive) {
        if *a {
            let (ru, rv) = (find(&mut comp, e.u), find(&mut comp, e.v));
            if ru != rv
                && let Some(s) = comp.get_mut(rv)
            {
                *s = ru;
            }
        }
    }

    // Half-edges: 2e = forward (u→v), 2e+1 = backward.
    let half = |h: usize| -> Option<(Seg2, usize, usize)> {
        let e = edges.get(h / 2)?;
        Some(if h.is_multiple_of(2) { (e.seg, e.u, e.v) } else { (e.seg.reversed(), e.v, e.u) })
    };
    let mut outgoing: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); n];
    for (ei, a) in alive.iter().enumerate() {
        if !*a {
            continue;
        }
        for h in [2 * ei, 2 * ei + 1] {
            if let Some((_, from, _)) = half(h)
                && let Some(o) = outgoing.get_mut(from)
            {
                o.push(h);
            }
        }
    }
    let mut visited = vec![false; edges.len() * 2];
    for start in 0..edges.len() * 2 {
        if !alive.get(start / 2).copied().unwrap_or(false) || visited.get(start).copied().unwrap_or(true) {
            continue;
        }
        let mut segs = Vec::new();
        let mut ids = Vec::new();
        let mut ptags: Vec<Option<(Piece, bool)>> = Vec::new();
        let mut coverage_tags = Vec::new();
        let mut h = start;
        let mut ok = true;
        for _ in 0..=edges.len() * 2 {
            if let Some(v) = visited.get_mut(h) {
                *v = true;
            }
            let Some((seg, _, to)) = half(h) else {
                ok = false;
                break;
            };
            segs.push(seg);
            if let Some(e) = edges.get(h / 2) {
                ids.push(e.id.clone());
                ptags.push(e.tag.map(|t| (t, h.is_multiple_of(2))));
                coverage_tags.push(e.coverage.map(|t| (t, h.is_multiple_of(2))));
            } else {
                ptags.push(None);
                coverage_tags.push(None);
            }
            let back = (-seg.end_tangent()).angle();
            let twin = h ^ 1;
            // First clockwise turn from the way back. Directions are compared a short way
            // along each segment (curvature decides between equal tangents, e.g. a line tangent
            // to an arc, or an arc leaving back along the incoming line).
            let kt = half(twin).map(|(ts, _, _)| curvature(&ts)).unwrap_or(0.0);
            let mut best: Option<(f64, f64, usize)> = None;
            for &o in outgoing.get(to).map(Vec::as_slice).unwrap_or(&[]) {
                if o == twin {
                    continue;
                }
                let Some((os, _, _)) = half(o) else { continue };
                let mut raw = (back - os.start_tangent().angle()).rem_euclid(TAU);
                if raw > TAU - 1e-9 {
                    raw = 0.0;
                }
                let mut d = raw + (kt - curvature(&os)) * 1e-7;
                if d <= 1e-12 {
                    d += TAU;
                }
                if best.is_none_or(|(bd, _, _)| d < bd) {
                    best = Some((d, 0.0, o));
                }
            }
            let best = best.map(|(d, _, o)| (d, o));
            let Some((_, next)) = best else {
                ok = false;
                break;
            };
            h = next;
            if h == start {
                break;
            }
            if visited.get(h).copied().unwrap_or(true) {
                ok = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        if !ok || h != start {
            continue;
        }
        let lp = Loop2 { segs: restore_exact(segs, &ptags, &exact) };
        if lp.signed_area() > 1e-9 {
            let c = edges.get(start / 2).map(|e| find(&mut comp, e.u)).unwrap_or(0);
            loops.push((lp, ids, c, whole_graph_complete.then(|| complete_loop(&coverage_tags, &expected, sk)).flatten()));
        }
    }

    // Nesting: parent = smallest containing loop from another component. Bounding boxes rule
    // out most pairs before the point-in-loop test.
    let areas: Vec<f64> = loops.iter().map(|(l, _, _, _)| l.signed_area().abs()).collect();
    let boxes: Vec<(Vec2, Vec2)> = loops
        .iter()
        .map(|(l, _, _, _)| {
            l.polyline(1e-3).iter().fold((Vec2::new(f64::INFINITY, f64::INFINITY), Vec2::new(f64::NEG_INFINITY, f64::NEG_INFINITY)), |(lo, hi), p| {
                (Vec2::new(lo.x.min(p.x), lo.y.min(p.y)), Vec2::new(hi.x.max(p.x), hi.y.max(p.y)))
            })
        })
        .collect();
    let inside_box = |j: usize, p: Vec2| boxes.get(j).is_some_and(|(lo, hi)| p.x >= lo.x && p.x <= hi.x && p.y >= lo.y && p.y <= hi.y);
    let mut parent_of: Vec<Option<usize>> = vec![None; loops.len()];
    for (i, (li, _, ci, _)) in loops.iter().enumerate() {
        let probe = li.segs.first().map(Seg2::mid).unwrap_or_default();
        let ai = areas.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0.0);
        let mut best: Option<(f64, usize)> = None;
        for (j, (lj, _, cj, _)) in loops.iter().enumerate() {
            let aj = areas.get(j).copied().unwrap_or(0.0);
            if i == j || ci == cj || aj <= ai || !inside_box(j, probe) || best.is_some_and(|(ba, _)| aj >= ba) {
                continue;
            }
            if lj.contains(probe) {
                best = Some((aj, j));
            }
        }
        if let Some(p) = parent_of.get_mut(i) {
            *p = best.map(|(_, j)| j);
        }
    }
    let mut kids_of: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); loops.len()];
    for (k, p) in parent_of.iter().enumerate() {
        if let Some(p) = p
            && let Some(v) = kids_of.get_mut(*p)
        {
            v.push(k);
        }
    }
    let out: Vec<Profile> = loops
        .iter()
        .enumerate()
        .map(|(i, (l, ids, _, complete_outer))| {
            let kids: Vec<usize> = kids_of.get(i).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
            let holes: Vec<Loop2> = kids.iter().filter_map(|k| loops.get(*k).map(|(h, _, _, _)| h.ccw().reversed())).collect();
            let hole_curves: Vec<Vec<String>> = kids.iter().filter_map(|k| loops.get(*k).map(|(_, ids, _, _)| ids.clone())).collect();
            let region = Region2 { outer: l.ccw(), holes };
            let area = region.area();
            let centroid = region.centroid();
            let mut complete_holes = kids.iter().map(|k| loops.get(*k)?.3.clone()).collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>();
            if let Some(holes) = &mut complete_holes {
                holes.sort();
            }
            Profile { region, outer_curves: ids.clone(), hole_curves, area, centroid, complete_outer: complete_outer.clone(), complete_holes }
        })
        .collect();
    let index: std::collections::HashMap<&str, usize> = sk.curves.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, c)| (c.id.as_str(), i)).collect();
    let first_curve = |p: &Profile| p.outer_curves.iter().filter_map(|id| index.get(id.as_str()).copied()).min().unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
    let mut keyed: Vec<(usize, Profile)> = out.into_iter().map(|p| (first_curve(&p), p)).collect();
    keyed.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0).then(b.1.area.total_cmp(&a.1.area)));
    let out: Vec<Profile> = keyed.into_iter().map(|x| x.1).collect();
    out
}

fn same_seg(a: &Seg2, b: &Seg2, tol: f64) -> bool {
    match (*a, *b) {
        (Seg2::Line { a: p, b: q }, Seg2::Line { a: r, b: s }) => p.dist(r) <= tol && q.dist(s) <= tol,
        (Seg2::Arc { center: c1, radius: r1, .. }, Seg2::Arc { center: c2, radius: r2, .. }) => {
            c1.dist(c2) <= tol
                && (r1 - r2).abs() <= tol
                && a.start().dist(b.start()) <= tol
                && a.end().dist(b.end()) <= tol
                && a.mid().dist(b.mid()) <= tol
        }
        _ => false,
    }
}

/// Union of regions that touch along shared boundary segments (one extrude of several adjacent
/// profiles makes one body). Disjoint regions stay separate.
pub fn merge_regions(regions: &[Region2]) -> Vec<Region2> {
    let tol = MERGE_TOL * 10.0;
    // Every boundary segment oriented with the region on its left.
    let mut segs: Vec<Seg2> = Vec::new();
    for r in regions {
        segs.extend(r.outer.ccw().segs);
        for h in &r.holes {
            segs.extend(h.ccw().reversed().segs);
        }
    }
    if segs.len() > MAX_EDGES {
        return regions.to_vec();
    }
    // Drop pairs that run against each other (shared boundaries).
    let mut alive = vec![true; segs.len()];
    let mut shared = false;
    for i in 0..segs.len() {
        if !alive.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(false) {
            continue;
        }
        for j in (i + 1)..segs.len() {
            if alive.get(j).copied().unwrap_or(false)
                && let (Some(a), Some(b)) = (segs.get(i), segs.get(j))
                && same_seg(a, &b.reversed(), tol)
            {
                alive[i] = false;
                alive[j] = false;
                shared = true;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    if !shared {
        return regions.to_vec();
    }
    let rest: Vec<Seg2> = segs.iter().zip(&alive).filter(|(_, a)| **a).map(|(s, _)| *s).collect();
    // Chain into loops, taking the sharpest left turn where several continue.
    let mut used = vec![false; rest.len()];
    let mut loops: Vec<Loop2> = Vec::new();
    for start in 0..rest.len() {
        if used.get(start).copied().unwrap_or(true) {
            continue;
        }
        let mut lp = Vec::new();
        let mut cur = start;
        for _ in 0..=rest.len() {
            if let Some(u) = used.get_mut(cur) {
                *u = true;
            }
            let Some(seg) = rest.get(cur).copied() else { break };
            lp.push(seg);
            let end = seg.end();
            if let Some(first) = rest.get(start)
                && end.dist(first.start()) <= tol
                && lp.len() > 1
            {
                break;
            }
            let back = (-seg.end_tangent()).angle();
            let next = (0..rest.len())
                .filter(|k| !used.get(*k).copied().unwrap_or(true) && rest.get(*k).is_some_and(|s| s.start().dist(end) <= tol))
                .min_by(|x, y| {
                    let d = |k: usize| rest.get(k).map(|s| (back - s.start_tangent().angle()).rem_euclid(TAU)).unwrap_or(TAU);
                    d(*x).total_cmp(&d(*y))
                });
            match next {
                Some(k) => cur = k,
                None => break,
            }
        }
        if !lp.is_empty() && lp.first().zip(lp.last()).is_some_and(|(f, l)| l.end().dist(f.start()) <= tol) {
            loops.push(Loop2 { segs: lp });
        }
    }
    let outers: Vec<&Loop2> = loops.iter().filter(|l| l.signed_area() > 0.0).collect();
    let holes: Vec<&Loop2> = loops.iter().filter(|l| l.signed_area() < 0.0).collect();
    let mut out: Vec<Region2> = outers.iter().map(|o| Region2 { outer: (*o).clone(), holes: Vec::new() }).collect();
    for h in holes {
        let probe = h.segs.first().map(Seg2::mid).unwrap_or_default();
        // Innermost containing outer loop.
        let best = out.iter_mut().filter(|r| r.outer.contains(probe)).min_by(|a, b| a.outer.signed_area().total_cmp(&b.outer.signed_area()));
        if let Some(r) = best {
            r.holes.push(h.clone());
        }
    }
    if out.is_empty() { regions.to_vec() } else { out }
}

#[cfg(test)]
#[allow(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::panic)]
mod whole_boundary_tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn whole_boundary_coverage_requires_every_piece_once_in_one_direction() {
        let mut sk = Sketch::new();
        sk.add_circle(Vec2::ZERO, 5.0, None, Some("c1")).unwrap();
        let expected = std::collections::HashMap::from([(0, vec![2, 3])]);
        let full = vec![
            Some(((0, 0, 0, 2), true)),
            Some(((0, 0, 1, 2), true)),
            Some(((0, 1, 0, 3), true)),
            Some(((0, 1, 1, 3), true)),
            Some(((0, 1, 2, 3), true)),
        ];
        assert_eq!(complete_loop(&full, &expected, &sk), Some(vec!["c1".into()]));
        assert!(complete_loop(&full[..4], &expected, &sk).is_none());
        let mut duplicate = full.clone();
        duplicate[4] = duplicate[3];
        assert!(complete_loop(&duplicate, &expected, &sk).is_none());
        let mut cut = full.clone();
        cut[2] = None;
        assert!(complete_loop(&cut, &expected, &sk).is_none());
        let mut permuted = full.clone();
        permuted.swap(2, 3);
        assert!(complete_loop(&permuted, &expected, &sk).is_none());
        assert!(complete_loop(&full, &std::collections::HashMap::new(), &sk).is_none());
        // A skipped tiny graph span still belongs to the original curve and cannot be ignored.
        let omitted = std::collections::HashMap::from([(0, vec![2, 4])]);
        assert!(complete_loop(&full, &omitted, &sk).is_none());
        let mut reverse = full;
        reverse[2] = Some(((0, 1, 0, 3), false));
        assert!(complete_loop(&reverse, &expected, &sk).is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn whole_boundary_refuses_globally_truncated_graph_context() {
        let mut sk = Sketch::new();
        sk.add_circle(Vec2::ZERO, 10.0, None, Some("outline")).unwrap();
        sk.add_circle(Vec2::ZERO, 5.0, None, Some("hole")).unwrap();
        sk.add_line(Vec2::new(-12.0, 0.0), Vec2::new(12.0, 0.0), None, None, Some("later-crossing")).unwrap();
        // Exercise the production truncation branch with a small deterministic budget;
        // the old display still has outlines, but the omitted crossing forbids persistence.
        let displayed = find_profiles_bounded(&sk, 1);
        assert_eq!(displayed.len(), 2);
        assert!(displayed.iter().all(|p| p.whole_curve_boundaries().is_none()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn whole_boundary_records_holes_but_refuses_intersection_fragments() {
        let mut sk = Sketch::new();
        sk.add_circle(Vec2::ZERO, 10.0, None, Some("outer")).unwrap();
        sk.add_circle(Vec2::ZERO, 5.0, None, Some("hole")).unwrap();
        let profiles = find_profiles(&sk);
        let annulus = profiles.iter().find(|p| !p.region.holes.is_empty()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(annulus.whole_curve_boundaries(), Some((vec!["outer".into()], vec![vec!["hole".into()]])));
        // A line through the ring creates bounded fragments of both original circles.
        sk.add_line(Vec2::new(-12.0, 0.0), Vec2::new(12.0, 0.0), None, None, Some("cut")).unwrap();
        let profiles = find_profiles(&sk);
        assert!(!profiles.is_empty());
        assert!(profiles.iter().all(|p| p.whole_curve_boundaries().is_none()));
        // Serialized profiles cannot forge this runtime certificate.
        let copy: Profile = serde_json::from_str(&serde_json::to_string(annulus).unwrap()).unwrap();
        assert!(copy.whole_curve_boundaries().is_none());
    }
}