diff --git a/src/lib/server/docker.ts b/src/lib/server/docker.ts
index bf9406d..f952700 100644
--- a/src/lib/server/docker.ts
+++ b/src/lib/server/docker.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { computeRequestTimeoutMs } from './backups/request-timeout';
 import type { Environment } from './db';
 import { getSetting } from './db';
 import { getAdditionalVolumeBinds, dedupeVolumesForRecreate } from './mount-dedupe';
-import { resolveNanoCpusConflict } from './hostconfig-recreate';
+import { resolveNanoCpusConflict, resolvePodmanUsernsMode } from './hostconfig-recreate';
 import { rebaseEnvOntoImage, rebaseLabelsOntoImage, rebaseCommand, describeEnvRebase, describeLabelRebase, type ImageEnvLabels } from './container-env-merge';
 import { encodeRegistryAuth } from './registry-auth';
 import { isSystemContainer, classifyEmptyDigestImage, localDigestIsIndexChild } from './scheduler/tasks/update-utils';
@@ -2093,6 +2093,20 @@ export async function recreateContainerFromInspect(
 		log?.('Dropped CpuPeriod/CpuQuota — they conflict with NanoCpus at create time (kept NanoCpus)');
 	}
 
+	// Podman lowers `--userns keep-id` to UsernsMode:"private" in inspect, which create then
+	// rejects without inline mappings (#1409). Restore the original intent from the annotation
+	// so keep-id survives the recreate; Docker (UsernsMode != "private") is untouched.
+	const usernsFix = resolvePodmanUsernsMode(createConfig.HostConfig?.UsernsMode, config.Annotations);
+	if (usernsFix && createConfig.HostConfig) {
+		if ('mode' in usernsFix) {
+			createConfig.HostConfig.UsernsMode = usernsFix.mode;
+			log?.(`Restored UsernsMode "${usernsFix.mode}" from Podman annotation (was "private")`);
+		} else {
+			delete createConfig.HostConfig.UsernsMode;
+			log?.('Dropped UsernsMode "private" — Podman rejects it without inline UID/GID mappings');
+		}
+	}
+
 	// container:<name> mode shares the network namespace — Docker rejects
 	// networking-related fields on the dependent container since they're
 	// owned by the network provider container
@@ -2305,6 +2319,14 @@ export async function createContainerFromMetadata(
 		delete createConfig.HostConfig.MemorySwappiness;
 	}
 
+	// Podman keep-id -> UsernsMode:"private" in inspect, rejected on create (#1409).
+	// Restore the intent from the annotation; Docker (UsernsMode != "private") untouched.
+	const usernsFix = resolvePodmanUsernsMode(createConfig.HostConfig?.UsernsMode, config.Annotations);
+	if (usernsFix && createConfig.HostConfig) {
+		if ('mode' in usernsFix) createConfig.HostConfig.UsernsMode = usernsFix.mode;
+		else delete createConfig.HostConfig.UsernsMode;
+	}
+
 	// container:<name> mode: clean up conflicting network fields
 	if (networkMode.startsWith('container:')) {
 		delete createConfig.Hostname;
diff --git a/src/lib/server/hostconfig-recreate.ts b/src/lib/server/hostconfig-recreate.ts
index d6f20e7..c2e6506 100644
--- a/src/lib/server/hostconfig-recreate.ts
+++ b/src/lib/server/hostconfig-recreate.ts
@@ -32,3 +32,29 @@ export function resolveNanoCpusConflict(hostConfig: CpuHostConfig | null | undef
 	delete hostConfig.CpuQuota;
 	return true;
 }
+
+const PODMAN_USERNS_ANNOTATION = 'io.podman.annotations.userns';
+
+/**
+ * Podman lowers `--userns keep-id`/`auto`/`nomap` to `UsernsMode: "private"` plus generated
+ * `IDMappings` in inspect, losing the original intent. Replaying `UsernsMode: "private"` to
+ * create WITHOUT inline mappings is rejected ("must provide at least one UID or GID mapping
+ * to configure a user namespace", #1409). Podman keeps the real intent in the
+ * `io.podman.annotations.userns` annotation, and `create --userns keep-id` regenerates the
+ * mappings - so restore the annotation value to keep keep-id working across a recreate.
+ *
+ * Returns the corrected UsernsMode: the annotation value ("keep-id", "auto",
+ * "keep-id:uid=1000,gid=1000", ...) when present, `undefined` to STRIP a bare "private" with
+ * no recorded intent, or `null` for "leave UsernsMode untouched". Only the lowered "private"
+ * form is ever changed, so Docker (UsernsMode "", "host", "container:x", ...) is never
+ * touched - no Docker regression.
+ */
+export function resolvePodmanUsernsMode(
+	usernsMode: string | undefined | null,
+	annotations: Record<string, string> | undefined | null
+): { mode: string } | { strip: true } | null {
+	if (usernsMode !== 'private') return null;
+	const intent = annotations?.[PODMAN_USERNS_ANNOTATION]?.trim();
+	if (intent) return { mode: intent };
+	return { strip: true };
+}