feat(model): SLICE cuts meshes

SLICE now takes MESH, polygon mesh and polyface mesh objects. A mesh
that closes a volume is sliced as a solid, so each side is capped and
becomes a 3D solid. An open mesh, such as a pipe run imported without
end caps, is clipped face by face and each side stays a mesh, open
along the cut. Keeping one side or both works as for solids, in one
undo step.

Refs #1398

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/app/commands/draw.rs

@@ -2544,16 +2544,37 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
                         .filter(|handle| {
                             matches!(
                                 scene.document.get_entity(*handle),
-                                Some(codec::EntityType::Solid3D(_) | codec::EntityType::Surface(_))
+                                Some(
+                                    codec::EntityType::Solid3D(_)
+                                        | codec::EntityType::Surface(_)
+                                        | codec::EntityType::Mesh(_)
+                                        | codec::EntityType::PolygonMesh(_)
+                                        | codec::EntityType::PolyfaceMesh(_)
+                                )
                             )
                         })
                         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                     scene.restore_solid_models(&targets);
-                    targets.retain(|handle| scene.solid_models.contains_key(handle));
+                    let mesh_extent = |handle: &codec::Handle| {
+                        let entity = scene.document.get_entity(*handle)?;
+                        let (vertices, _) = crate::entities::mesh::mesh_polygons(entity)?;
+                        vertices.iter().fold(None, |bounds, point| {
+                            let (mut min, mut max) = bounds.unwrap_or((*point, *point));
+                            for axis in 0..3 {
+                                min[axis] = f64::min(min[axis], point[axis]);
+                                max[axis] = f64::max(max[axis], point[axis]);
+                            }
+                            Some((min, max))
+                        })
+                    };
+                    targets.retain(|handle| {
+                        scene.solid_models.contains_key(handle) || mesh_extent(handle).is_some()
+                    });
                     let bounds = targets
                         .iter()
-                        .filter_map(|handle| {
+                        .filter_map(|handle| match scene.solid_models.get(handle) {
-                            crate::scene::model::solid_model::extent(&scene.solid_models[handle])
+                            Some(body) => crate::scene::model::solid_model::extent(body),
+                            None => mesh_extent(handle),
                         })
                         .fold(None::<([f64; 3], [f64; 3])>, |bounds, (low, high)| {
                             Some(match bounds {

src/app/model_ops.rs

@@ -1741,6 +1741,80 @@ impl super::OpenCADStudio {
         self.solid_slice_with_tool(requested, ModelSliceTool::Surface(cutter), keep_point)
     }
 
+    /// SLICE on meshes that do not close a volume: the kept side of each face
+    /// stays (or, with no side chosen, both sides become separate meshes),
+    /// open along the cut. One undo step; `None` when nothing was changed.
+    fn slice_open_meshes(
+        &mut self,
+        handles: &[Handle],
+        tool: &ModelSliceTool,
+        keep_point: Option<glam::DVec3>,
+    ) -> Option<Vec<Handle>> {
+        let i = self.active_tab;
+        let keep_positive = match keep_point {
+            Some(point) => match tool.side(point.to_array()) {
+                Some(distance) if distance.abs() > 1.0e-9 => Some(distance > 0.0),
+                _ => {
+                    self.command_line.push_error(
+                        crate::t!("SLICE: choose a point away from the cutting plane.").as_ref(),
+                    );
+                    return None;
+                }
+            },
+            None => None,
+        };
+        let side = |point: [f64; 3]| tool.side(point).unwrap_or(0.0);
+        let mut pieces = Vec::with_capacity(handles.len());
+        for handle in handles {
+            let Some(entity) = self.tabs[i].scene.document.get_entity(*handle) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let Some((vertices, faces)) = crate::entities::mesh::mesh_polygons(entity) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let common = entity.common();
+            let clip = |positive| {
+                crate::entities::mesh::clipped_mesh(&vertices, &faces, side, positive, common)
+            };
+            let (kept, other) = match keep_positive {
+                Some(positive) => (clip(positive), None),
+                None => (clip(false), Some(clip(true))),
+            };
+            // Both sides must have faces, or the plane missed this mesh.
+            let crosses = vertices.iter().any(|&point| side(point) > 0.0)
+                && vertices.iter().any(|&point| side(point) < 0.0);
+            let (Some(kept), true) = (kept, crosses) else {
+                self.command_line.push_error(
+                    crate::t!("SLICE: the cutting plane does not cross every selected object; no object was changed.")
+                        .as_ref(),
+                );
+                return None;
+            };
+            pieces.push((*handle, kept, other.flatten()));
+        }
+        self.push_undo_snapshot(i, "SLICE");
+        let mut results = Vec::with_capacity(pieces.len() * 2);
+        for (handle, mut kept, other) in pieces {
+            kept.common.handle = handle;
+            self.tabs[i].scene.update_entity(EntityType::Mesh(kept));
+            results.push(handle);
+            if let Some(mut other) = other {
+                other.common.handle = Handle::NULL;
+                results.push(self.tabs[i].scene.add_entity(EntityType::Mesh(other)));
+            }
+        }
+        self.tabs[i].scene.deselect_all();
+        for handle in &results {
+            self.tabs[i].scene.select_entity(*handle, false);
+        }
+        self.tabs[i].dirty = true;
+        self.refresh_properties();
+        self.command_line.push_output(
+            crate::t!("SLICE: created %{count} result object(s).", count = results.len()).as_ref(),
+        );
+        Some(results)
+    }
+
     fn solid_slice_with_tool(
         &mut self,
         requested: &[Handle],
@@ -1755,14 +1829,50 @@ impl super::OpenCADStudio {
             .filter(|handle| {
                 matches!(
                     self.tabs[i].scene.document.get_entity(*handle),
-                    Some(EntityType::Solid3D(_) | EntityType::Surface(_))
+                    Some(
+                        EntityType::Solid3D(_)
+                            | EntityType::Surface(_)
+                            | EntityType::Mesh(_)
+                            | EntityType::PolygonMesh(_)
+                            | EntityType::PolyfaceMesh(_)
+                    )
                 )
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
         handles.sort_unstable_by_key(|handle| handle.value());
         handles.dedup();
+        // A mesh that closes a volume is sliced as a solid and capped; an open
+        // one is clipped face by face and stays a mesh.
+        let mut bodies = rustc_hash::FxHashMap::default();
+        let mut open_meshes = Vec::new();
+        for handle in &handles {
+            let Some(entity) = self.tabs[i].scene.document.get_entity(*handle) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            if crate::entities::mesh::mesh_polygons(entity).is_none() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            match crate::entities::mesh::closed_mesh_body(entity) {
+                Some(body) => {
+                    bodies.insert(*handle, body);
+                }
+                None => open_meshes.push(*handle),
+            }
+        }
+        handles.retain(|handle| !open_meshes.contains(handle));
         self.tabs[i].scene.restore_solid_models(&handles);
-        handles.retain(|handle| self.tabs[i].scene.solid_models.contains_key(handle));
+        for handle in &handles {
+            if let Some(body) = self.tabs[i].scene.solid_models.get(handle) {
+                bodies.entry(*handle).or_insert_with(|| body.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        handles.retain(|handle| bodies.contains_key(handle));
+        if !open_meshes.is_empty() {
+            let sliced = self.slice_open_meshes(&open_meshes, &tool, keep_point);
+            if handles.is_empty() || sliced.is_none() {
+                return Task::none();
+            }
+        }
         if handles.is_empty() {
             self.command_line
                 .push_error(crate::t!("SLICE: select at least one solid or surface.").as_ref());
@@ -1771,10 +1881,7 @@ impl super::OpenCADStudio {
 
         let keep_positive = if let Some(point) = keep_point {
             let tolerance = kernel::brep::operation_tolerance(
-                &handles
+                &handles.iter().map(|handle| &bodies[handle]).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|handle| &self.tabs[i].scene.solid_models[handle])
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             );
             let Some(distance) = tool.side(point.to_array()) else {
                 self.command_line
@@ -1794,8 +1901,7 @@ impl super::OpenCADStudio {
 
         let mut prepared = Vec::with_capacity(handles.len());
         for handle in &handles {
-            let body = &self.tabs[i].scene.solid_models[handle];
+            let result = match tool.split(&bodies[handle]) {
-            let result = match tool.split(body) {
                 Ok(Some(result)) => result,
                 Ok(None) => {
                     self.command_line.push_error(

src/entities/mesh.rs

@@ -1054,15 +1054,26 @@ fn display_mesh(mesh: &Mesh) -> RefinedMesh {
 /// Open, non-manifold, non-planar, and degenerate meshes return `None` so a
 /// modelling command can leave the source untouched.
 pub(crate) fn closed_mesh_body(entity: &codec::EntityType) -> Option<kernel::brep::Body> {
+    if let codec::EntityType::PolygonMesh(mesh) = entity {
+        if !mesh.is_closed_m() || !mesh.is_closed_n() {
+            return None;
+        }
+    }
+    let (vertices, faces) = mesh_polygons(entity)?;
+    kernel::brep::make::faceted_solid(&vertices, &faces)
+}
+
+/// The vertices and face loops (vertex indices) of a MESH, polygon mesh or
+/// polyface mesh, as drawn without smoothing.
+pub(crate) fn mesh_polygons(
+    entity: &codec::EntityType,
+) -> Option<(Vec<[f64; 3]>, Vec<Vec<usize>>)> {
     match entity {
         codec::EntityType::Mesh(mesh) => {
             let base = base_refined_mesh(mesh);
-            kernel::brep::make::faceted_solid(&base.vertices, &base.faces)
+            Some((base.vertices, base.faces))
         }
         codec::EntityType::PolygonMesh(mesh) => {
-            if !mesh.is_closed_m() || !mesh.is_closed_n() {
-                return None;
-            }
             let m = mesh.m_vertex_count.max(0) as usize;
             let n = mesh.n_vertex_count.max(0) as usize;
             let vertices = mesh
@@ -1074,9 +1085,11 @@ pub(crate) fn closed_mesh_body(entity: &codec::EntityType) -> Option<kernel::bre
             if m < 2 || n < 2 || vertices.len() != m.saturating_mul(n) {
                 return None;
             }
-            let mut faces = Vec::with_capacity(m.saturating_mul(n));
+            let rows = if mesh.is_closed_m() { m } else { m - 1 };
-            for row in 0..m {
+            let columns = if mesh.is_closed_n() { n } else { n - 1 };
-                for column in 0..n {
+            let mut faces = Vec::with_capacity(rows.saturating_mul(columns));
+            for row in 0..rows {
+                for column in 0..columns {
                     faces.push(vec![
                         row * n + column,
                         ((row + 1) % m) * n + column,
@@ -1085,7 +1098,7 @@ pub(crate) fn closed_mesh_body(entity: &codec::EntityType) -> Option<kernel::bre
                     ]);
                 }
             }
-            kernel::brep::make::faceted_solid(&vertices, &faces)
+            Some((vertices, faces))
         }
         codec::EntityType::PolyfaceMesh(mesh) => {
             let vertices = mesh
@@ -1105,12 +1118,62 @@ pub(crate) fn closed_mesh_body(entity: &codec::EntityType) -> Option<kernel::bre
                     (indices.len() >= 3).then_some(indices)
                 })
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            kernel::brep::make::faceted_solid(&vertices, &faces)
+            Some((vertices, faces))
         }
         _ => None,
     }
 }
 
+/// The part of a mesh on one side of a cut: every face loop clipped to where
+/// `side` is positive (`keep_positive`) or negative, rebuilt as a MESH with
+/// `common`. The mesh stays open where the cut crossed it. `None` when no face
+/// reaches that side.
+pub(crate) fn clipped_mesh(
+    vertices: &[[f64; 3]],
+    faces: &[Vec<usize>],
+    side: impl Fn([f64; 3]) -> f64,
+    keep_positive: bool,
+    common: &codec::entities::EntityCommon,
+) -> Option<Mesh> {
+    let sign = if keep_positive { 1.0 } else { -1.0 };
+    let distances: Vec<f64> = vertices.iter().map(|&point| sign * side(point)).collect();
+    let mut mesh = Mesh::new();
+    mesh.common = common.clone();
+    let mut welded: std::collections::HashMap<[u64; 3], usize> = Default::default();
+    let mut index_of = |mesh: &mut Mesh, point: [f64; 3]| {
+        *welded.entry(point.map(f64::to_bits)).or_insert_with(|| {
+            mesh.add_vertex(codec::types::Vector3::new(point[0], point[1], point[2]))
+        })
+    };
+    for face in faces {
+        if face.iter().any(|&index| index >= vertices.len()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let mut loop_points = Vec::with_capacity(face.len() + 2);
+        for (k, &a) in face.iter().enumerate() {
+            let b = face[(k + 1) % face.len()];
+            let (da, db) = (distances[a], distances[b]);
+            if da >= 0.0 {
+                loop_points.push(vertices[a]);
+            }
+            if (da > 0.0 && db < 0.0) || (da < 0.0 && db > 0.0) {
+                let t = da / (da - db);
+                let (pa, pb) = (vertices[a], vertices[b]);
+                loop_points.push(std::array::from_fn(|axis| pa[axis] + (pb[axis] - pa[axis]) * t));
+            }
+        }
+        if loop_points.len() < 3 {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let indices = loop_points
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|point| index_of(&mut mesh, point))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        mesh.add_face(codec::entities::MeshFace::new(indices));
+    }
+    (!mesh.faces.is_empty()).then_some(mesh)
+}
+
 fn face_triangle_indices(vertices: &[[f64; 3]], faces: &[Vec<usize>]) -> (Vec<u32>, Vec<usize>) {
     let mut indices = Vec::new();
     let mut triangle_faces = Vec::new();

src/modules/model/slice_cmd.rs

@@ -335,8 +335,15 @@ impl CadCommand for SliceCommand {
         self.selected = entities
             .into_iter()
             .filter_map(|item| {
-                matches!(item.entity, EntityType::Solid3D(_) | EntityType::Surface(_))
+                matches!(
-                    .then_some(item.handle)
+                    item.entity,
+                    EntityType::Solid3D(_)
+                        | EntityType::Surface(_)
+                        | EntityType::Mesh(_)
+                        | EntityType::PolygonMesh(_)
+                        | EntityType::PolyfaceMesh(_)
+                )
+                .then_some(item.handle)
             })
             .collect();
     }